I originally wrote this post in 2014 after the release of MariaDB Server 10.0. Most of what was in that original post still applies, but I've made some tweaks and updates since replication and high availability (HA) remain among the most popular MariaDB/MySQL features.
Replication first appeared on the MySQL scene more than a decade ago, and as replication implementations became more complex over time, some limitations of MySQL’s original replication mechanisms started to surface. To address those limitations, MySQL v5.6 introduced the concept of global transaction identifiers (GTIDs), which enable some advanced replication features. MySQL DBAs were happy with this but complained that in order to implement GTIDs, you needed to stop all the servers in the replication group and restart them with the feature enabled. There are workarounds; for instance, Booking.com documented a procedure to enable GTIDs with little or no downtime, but it involves more complexity than most organizations are willing to allow. (Check out this blog post for more on how Booking.com handles replication and high availability.)
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